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The Po Delta Natura 2000 protected area is darker than its surroundings (mean night radiance 0.96 vs 4.11 nW/cm^2/sr region-wide) and so remains a relative dark refuge, but artificial light already covers about 18.5 percent of its area and 145 detected settlements lie within roughly 10 km of it \342\200\224 a measurable encroachment of light pollution on a nocturnal-biodiversity wetland. This confirms the cross-discipline transfer: a FAIR, well-described Galaxy tool from astronomy does useful Earth-observation / biodiversity work without modification." } } } rows { name { value: "hasConfidenceLevel" } } rows { name { value: "Moderate" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_iri { } } } rows { name { value: "hasEvidenceDescription" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "Po Delta / eastern Po Valley, NASA Black Marble VNP46A4 (VIIRS) 2021 annual composite (tile h19v04), run on usegalaxy.eu. Source Extractor cataloged 453 settlements region-wide (position, flux, size). Inside Natura 2000 sites the mean radiance is 1.34; inside the Po Delta it is 0.96, versus 4.11 region-wide. 18.5 percent of the Po Delta area exceeds 1 nW/cm^2/sr (lit); 145 cataloged settlements fall within ~10 km of the Po Delta. The Galaxy run and a local SEP reimplementation give the same catalog (453 settlements both ways). Provenance: results/galaxy_provenance.json (Galaxy history + parameters); figures/main_result.png.\n\nGithub: https://github.com/annefou/fiesta-galaxy-sourceextractor-eo" } } } rows { name { value: "hasLimitationsDescription" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "This is a single annual snapshot, not a temporal trend, over one region. Night-lights radiance is a proxy for human presence and artificial-light exposure, not a direct biodiversity measurement, and \"lit\" uses a single 1 nW/cm^2/sr threshold. In the most intensely lit parts of the Po plain the background is no longer dark, so source detection there is less clean \342\200\224 the method works best at the refuge/city edge, like the Po Delta. 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