https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/dggs-benchmark-outcome-2026 http://schema.org/endDate 2026-03-07 https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/dggs-benchmark-outcome-2026 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/FORRT-Replication-Outcome https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/dggs-benchmark-outcome-2026 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label DGGS Benchmark Outcome: Claim Partially Supported https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/dggs-benchmark-outcome-2026 https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasConclusionDescription The claim "Effect of DGGS Indexing on Associating Vector and Raster Geospatial Data" is PARTIALLY SUPPORTED. VECTOR BENCHMARK (Figure 6): VALIDATED DGGS provides orders of magnitude performance improvement over traditional vector overlay operations. At 20 layers, DGGS was 16,000x faster than vector methods. RASTER BENCHMARK (Figure 7): PARTIALLY SUPPORTED The paper's claim of "roughly equivalent performance" holds when comparing classification time with pre-indexed DGGS data. However, on-the-fly H3 indexing adds significant overhead. The replication using xdggs shows vectorized indexing reduces this overhead by ~100x. https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/dggs-benchmark-outcome-2026 https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasConfidenceLevel https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/HighConfidence https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/dggs-benchmark-outcome-2026 https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasEvidenceDescription <div> VECTOR BENCHMARK RESULTS: <pre> | Layers | DGGS | Vector | Speedup | |--------|----------|----------|----------| | 5 | 0.01s | 0.4s | 40x | | 10 | 0.015s | 10s | 670x | | 20 | 0.03s | 400s | 16,000x | </pre> DGGS shows near-linear scaling; vector shows super-linear growth. This validates the paper's Figure 6. RASTER BENCHMARK RESULTS (100 layers): <pre> | Method | Time | |---------------------|---------| | Raster (NumPy) | 0.02s | | DGGS Pre-indexed | 0.01s | ← Paper's scenario: VALIDATED | DGGS + H3 loop | 5.0s | ← Includes slow indexing | DGGS + xdggs | 0.05s | ← Replication: 100x faster indexing </pre> The pre-indexed scenario matches the paper's methodology and validates the claim of equivalent performance. </div> https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/dggs-benchmark-outcome-2026 https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasLimitationsDescription <div> <pre> - Vector benchmark tested up to 100 layers (paper used 500) - Raster pre-indexed scenario simulates but doesn't exactly replicate Apache Parquet + Polars implementation - Missing random misalignment ("jittering") from original methodology - Single hardware configuration tested </pre> </div> https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/dggs-benchmark-outcome-2026 https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasOutcomeRepository https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18904498 https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/dggs-benchmark-outcome-2026 https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasValidationStatus https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/PartiallySupported https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/dggs-benchmark-outcome-2026 https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/isOutcomeOf https://w3id.org/np/RADCSRkRrlaOzRZ-lkPh1dnvthkhqFz55eGr1wtpW03vk/dggs-replication-2026 https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-2920 https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/pubinfo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-0234 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Tobias Kuhn https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-2920 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Anne Fouilloux https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-03-30T07:02:18.572Z https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-0234 https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-2920 https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/dggs-benchmark-outcome-2026 https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 http://purl.org/nanopub/x/wasCreatedAt https://nanodash.knowledgepixels.com/ https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://w3id.org/np/RAwBlOHBCo6UoUNTLwh1ZiQQdQYOQJXIs7GSUhKdrxtfI https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromProvenanceTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RA7lSq6MuK_TIC6JMSHvLtee3lpLoZDOqLJCLXevnrPoU https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RACJ58Gvyn91LqCKIO9zu1eijDQIeEff28iyDrJgjSJF8 https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RAMEgudZsQ1bh1fZhfYnkthqH6YSXpghSE_DEN1I-6eAI https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RARW4MsFkHuwjycNElvEVtuMjpf4yWDL10-0C5l2MqqRQ https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RAukAcWHRDlkqxk7H2XNSegc1WnHI569INvNr-xdptDGI https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RA2zljn0Nw9SadppOyxZoh-_Rxosslrq-vYG-p9SttnJE https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQD4Wj537OijfOWVtsHMznuXKISqBhtGDQZfdO6pbb4hg9EHMcUFGTLbWaPrP783PHv8HMAAPjvEkHLaOHMIknqhaIa5236lfBO3r+ljVdYBElBcLvROmwG+ZGtmPNZf7lMhI15xf5TfoaSa84AFRd5J2EXekK6PhaFQhRm1IpSYtwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature xCeYIu0YDLULNkkg3fcXv5iyGF9XPIi0NBGEjdsvU+CJekNtK8Q2RmoH8Stq+MB2VFJl45QBCw6+han0VpnjTOSNfBXJ2eFIN5+VrbiUyqjKWxvgXrXdRHDouKl/UaqsY60lnyGaTi+S+ySzaEATJ8aD4DpQMN0+nHDRXh99tPk= https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8 https://w3id.org/np/RA97Isy4tUYUOU1xk-v_Lz_qgN_qKFFj40G12nIEhmTI8/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-0234 https://w3id.org/np/RADCSRkRrlaOzRZ-lkPh1dnvthkhqFz55eGr1wtpW03vk/dggs-replication-2026 https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/hasLabelFromApi Reproduction and Replication of DGGS Benchmark