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The nanopublication ecosystem is built entirely on standard RDF and Semantic Web technologies. Each nanopublication is an RDF dataset of four named graphs, typically serialized as TriG. Identifiers are Trusty URIs — content-based hashes that make every nanopublication immutable and self-verifying — and integrity and authorship are protected by RSA digital signatures recorded in the publication info. In practice, Trusty URIs are commonly made persistently resolvable through w3id.org, and authors are commonly identified by ORCID, but neither is a technical requirement of the format.\n\nAt the network level, the Nanopub Registry stores and serves nanopublications through an HTTP REST interface, while Nanopub Query provides SPARQL endpoints and additionally exposes published SPARQL templates as REST APIs. Reference libraries are available in Java, Python, and Rust, and user-facing tools such as Nanodash are built on top of these.
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