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@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
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sub:assertion {
  sub:phillips-table2-maxent-outcome a <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/FORRT-Replication-Outcome>;
    <http://schema.org/endDate> "2026-05-29"^^xsd:date;
    <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Target-group background improves MaxEnt AUC — Phillips Table 2 reproduced";
    <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasConclusionDescription> "The reproduction confirms Phillips et al. 2009 Table 2: target-group background improves the mean predictive AUC of presence-only MaxEnt models. Across 225 species in six regions, mean AUC rises from 0.7163 with random background to 0.7468 with target-group background, a gain of +0.0305. This closely matches Phillips' reported Maxent gain of +0.0293 (0.7276 to 0.7569) in both direction and magnitude, despite using the independent open-source elapid/maxnet engine rather than the original Java Maxent. Phillips' secondary finding that the gain is largest where sampling bias is greatest also reproduces: the Canadian region (CAN), the most biased, shows the largest gain.";
    <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasConfidenceLevel> <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/HighConfidence>;
    <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasEvidenceDescription> """Overall mean AUC: random 0.7163, target-group 0.7468, delta +0.0305 (Phillips Maxent: 0.7276, 0.7569, delta +0.0293). Paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test of target-group vs random per-species AUC: statistic 8028.0, p = 1.6e-06 (significant at p < 0.001). Per-region deltas: CAN +0.1317 (largest, 20 species), SWI +0.0394 (30), AWT +0.0451 (40), NSW +0.0184 (53), NZ +0.0135 (52), SA -0.0146 (30, the only region where target-group background did not help). The largest gain falls on CAN, the region flagged as most sampling-biased, reproducing Phillips' bias-gradient result.

Github: https://github.com/annefou/sdm-phillips-reproduction""";
    <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasLimitationsDescription> """(1) The MaxEnt engine differs from Phillips' original (elapid/maxnet vs Java Maxent), so absolute AUC decimals differ even though direction and magnitude agree.
(2) Only MaxEnt is reproduced; Phillips' broader Table 2 also covered BRT, MARS, GAM and other methods, so the cross-method generality of the claim is not tested here. 
(3) 225 of Phillips' 226 species are modelled — one species was dropped because its presence-absence evaluation column had no presence/absence variation, leaving AUC undefined. 
(4) A minimum-presence threshold of 5 occurrences was applied. 
(5) One region (SA) showed a small negative gain, consistent with the original's observation that the benefit is not uniform across regions.""";
    <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasOutcomeRepository> <https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20473156>;
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sub:pubinfo {
  <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-2920> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Anne Fouilloux" .
  
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    dc:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>;
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    <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Target-group background improves MaxEnt AUC — Phillips Table 2 reproduced";
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