https://w3id.org/np/RArJyIRhLl_heVf9_JVdCRz-LVenG7JfjruNZP9Rz5qiw/Head https://w3id.org/np/RArJyIRhLl_heVf9_JVdCRz-LVenG7JfjruNZP9Rz5qiw http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RArJyIRhLl_heVf9_JVdCRz-LVenG7JfjruNZP9Rz5qiw/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RArJyIRhLl_heVf9_JVdCRz-LVenG7JfjruNZP9Rz5qiw http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RArJyIRhLl_heVf9_JVdCRz-LVenG7JfjruNZP9Rz5qiw/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RArJyIRhLl_heVf9_JVdCRz-LVenG7JfjruNZP9Rz5qiw http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RArJyIRhLl_heVf9_JVdCRz-LVenG7JfjruNZP9Rz5qiw/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RArJyIRhLl_heVf9_JVdCRz-LVenG7JfjruNZP9Rz5qiw http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RArJyIRhLl_heVf9_JVdCRz-LVenG7JfjruNZP9Rz5qiw/assertion http://eurovoc.europa.eu/2919 http://schema.org/description http://eurovoc.europa.eu/2919 http://schema.org/name Environmental research http://eurovoc.europa.eu/2919 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/DefinedTerm https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380802238137 http://schema.org/author mailto:eg.guardia@gmail.com https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380802238137 http://schema.org/contentUrl https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380802238137 https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380802238137 http://schema.org/creator mailto:eg.guardia@gmail.com https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380802238137 http://schema.org/dateCreated 2026-03-24 01:17:45.860419+00:00 https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380802238137 http://schema.org/dateModified 2026-03-24 01:17:46.945369+00:00 https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380802238137 http://schema.org/description This paper reviews the European summer heat wave of 2003, with special emphasis on the first half of August 2003, jointly with its significant societal and environmental impact across Western and Central Europe. We show the pattern of record-breaking temperature anomalies, discuss it in the context of the past, and address the role of the main contributing factors responsible for the occurrence and persistence of this event: blocking episodes, soil moisture deficit, and sea surface temperatures. We show that the anticyclonic pattern corresponds more to an anomalous northern displacement of the North Atlantic subtropical high than a canonical blocking structure, and that soil moisture deficit was a key factor to reach unprecedented temperature anomalies. There are indications that the anomalous Mediterranean Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) have contributed to the heat wave of 2003, whereas the role of SST anomalies in other oceanic regions is still under debate. There are methodological limitations to evaluate excess mortality due to excessive temperatures; however, the different studies available in the literature allow us to estimate that around 40,000 deaths were registered in Europe during the heat wave, mostly elderly persons. Despite previous efforts undertaken by a few cities to implement warning systems, this dramatic episode has highlighted the widespread un-preparedness of most civil and health authorities to cope with such large events. Therefore, the implementation of early warning systems in most European cities to mitigate the impact of extreme heat is the main consequence to diminish the impact of future similar events. In addition to mortality (by far the most dramatic impact), we have also analyzed the record-breaking forest fires in Portugal and the evidence of other relevant impacts, including agriculture and air pollution. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380802238137 http://schema.org/license https://choosealicense.com/no-permission/ https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380802238137 http://schema.org/name A Review of the European Summer Heat Wave of 2003 https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380802238137 http://schema.org/sdDatePublished 2026-03-24 01:17:45.860419+00:00 https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380802238137 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/wf4ever/wf4ever#Resource https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380802238137 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/MediaObject https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380802238137 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/ro-id/14b4b9e7-c8b7-42dd-b5b8-857330399855/Publication https://w3id.org/ro-id/14b4b9e7-c8b7-42dd-b5b8-857330399855/ http://schema.org/about http://eurovoc.europa.eu/2919 https://w3id.org/ro-id/14b4b9e7-c8b7-42dd-b5b8-857330399855/ http://schema.org/author mailto:eg.guardia@gmail.com https://w3id.org/ro-id/14b4b9e7-c8b7-42dd-b5b8-857330399855/ http://schema.org/contentSize 0 https://w3id.org/ro-id/14b4b9e7-c8b7-42dd-b5b8-857330399855/ http://schema.org/contentUrl https://api.rohub.org/api/ros/14b4b9e7-c8b7-42dd-b5b8-857330399855/crate/download/ https://w3id.org/ro-id/14b4b9e7-c8b7-42dd-b5b8-857330399855/ http://schema.org/creator mailto:eg.guardia@gmail.com https://w3id.org/ro-id/14b4b9e7-c8b7-42dd-b5b8-857330399855/ http://schema.org/dateCreated 2026-03-24 01:17:44.353200+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/14b4b9e7-c8b7-42dd-b5b8-857330399855/ http://schema.org/dateModified 2026-03-25 14:42:56.836781+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/14b4b9e7-c8b7-42dd-b5b8-857330399855/ http://schema.org/datePublished 2026-03-24 01:17:44.353200+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/14b4b9e7-c8b7-42dd-b5b8-857330399855/ http://schema.org/description This paper reviews the European summer heat wave of 2003, with special emphasis on the first half of August 2003, jointly with its significant societal and environmental impact across Western and Central Europe. We show the pattern of record-breaking temperature anomalies, discuss it in the context of the past, and address the role of the main contributing factors responsible for the occurrence and persistence of this event: blocking episodes, soil moisture deficit, and sea surface temperatures. We show that the anticyclonic pattern corresponds more to an anomalous northern displacement of the North Atlantic subtropical high than a canonical blocking structure, and that soil moisture deficit was a key factor to reach unprecedented temperature anomalies. There are indications that the anomalous Mediterranean Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) have contributed to the heat wave of 2003, whereas the role of SST anomalies in other oceanic regions is still under debate. There are methodological limitations to evaluate excess mortality due to excessive temperatures; however, the different studies available in the literature allow us to estimate that around 40,000 deaths were registered in Europe during the heat wave, mostly elderly persons. Despite previous efforts undertaken by a few cities to implement warning systems, this dramatic episode has highlighted the widespread un-preparedness of most civil and health authorities to cope with such large events. Therefore, the implementation of early warning systems in most European cities to mitigate the impact of extreme heat is the main consequence to diminish the impact of future similar events. 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